Glaucoma is a progressive eye condition that gradually damages the optic nerve, often without noticeable warning signs in its early stages. Many people don’t realize they have it until vision changes become more pronounced, which makes regular eye exams essential. The condition is often linked to increased pressure within the eye, but it can occur even when pressure levels are normal. People who ask What are the symptoms and causes of glaucoma are usually trying to understand how the disease develops and how to recognize it early. Symptoms may include blurry vision, patchy blind spots, or difficulty seeing in low light, and in advanced cases, tunnel vision can occur. Sudden forms of glaucoma may also cause severe eye pain, headaches, nausea, or halos around lights. Causes vary and may include genetic factors, aging, high eye pressure, poor blood flow to the optic nerve, or past eye injuries. Certain medical conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can increase risk as well. Because vision loss from glaucoma is permanent, early detection is crucial. With timely treatment, including medications or procedures that lower eye pressure, progression can often be slowed significantly. Regular checkups remain the most important step in protecting long-term vision.